ABSTRACT
El objetivo de este artículo es comprender las dinámicas de inclusión de niñas, niños y adolescentes venezolanos en los flujos migratorios internacionales en la ciudad de Bogotá. A partir de una investigación mixta, se presentan cifras frente a la relación migración y derecho a la educación, complementadas con entrevistas semiestructuradas y grupos focales a representantes de instituciones, organizaciones de la sociedad civil y agencias internacionales, así como resultado de talleres de cartografía social con menores venezolanos. El análisis se realiza desde el enfoque de interseccionalidad en los entornos escolares, más allá de la escuela. Se evidencia que los desarrollos frente a las intersecciones entre edad, género, etnia, discapacidad, clase social, entre otras, son bastante precarios en los estudios de migración en Colombia.Alternate :The objective of this article is to understand the dynamics of inclusion of Venezuelan Children and Adolescents in international migratory flows in the city of Bogotá. Based on a mixed research, figures are presented regarding the relationship between migration and right to education, complemented with semi-structured interviews and focus groups with representatives of institutions, civil society organizations and international agencies, as well as the results of social mapping workshops with Venezuelan minors. The analysis is carried out from the intersectionality approach in school environments, beyond the school, showing that the developments in the intersections between age, gender, ethnicity, disability, social class, among others, are quite precarious in studies of migration in Colombia.Alternate :O objetivo deste artigo é compreender a dinâmica de inclusão de crianças e adolescentes venezuelanos nos fluxos migratórios internacionais na cidade de Bogotá. Com base em pesquisas mistas, são apresentados números sobre a relação entre migração e direito à educação, complementados com entrevistas semiestruturadas e grupos focais com representantes de instituições, organizações da sociedade civil e agências internacionais, bem como os resultados de oficinas de mapeamento social com menores venezuelanos. A análise é realizada a partir da abordagem da interseccionalidade em ambientes escolares, além da escola, mostrando que os desenvolvimentos nas interseções entre idade, gênero, etnia, deficiência, classe social, entre outros, são bastante precários nos estudos de migração na Colômbia.
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 health crisis has put to the test Latin America's already precarious social protection systems. This paper comparatively examines what type of social protection has been provided, by whom, and to what extent migrant and refugee populations have been included in these programmes in seven countries of the region during the COVID-19 pandemic, between March and December 2020. We develop a typology of models of social protection highlighting the assemblages of actors, different modes of protection and the emerging migrants' subjectification in Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, and Uruguay in relation to Non-Contributory Social Transfer (NCST) programmes and other actions undertaken by state and non-state actors. The analysis is based on 85 semi-structured interviews with representatives of national and local governments, International Organisations, Civil Society Organisations, and migrant-led organisations across 16 cities, and a systematic review of regulatory frameworks in the country-case studies. The proposed typology shows broad heterogeneity and complexity regarding different degrees of inclusion of migrant and refugee populations, particularly in pre-existing and new NCST programmes. These actions are furthering notions of migrant protection that are contingent and crisis-driven, imposing temporal limitations that often selectively exclude migrants based on legal status. It also brings to the fore the path-dependent nature of policies and practices of exclusion/inclusion in the region, which impact on migrants' effective access to social and economic rights, while shaping the broader dynamics of migration governance in the region.